VA Disability Glossary – Key Terms Every Veteran Should Know

Lay Evidence

  • Lay evidence refers to non-expert, firsthand observations or statements from the veteran or others who can describe a disability, event, or symptoms relevant to a VA claim. This type of evidence does not require medical training and can be submitted by the veteran, family members, friends, caregivers, or fellow service members.

  • Lay statements can:

    • Support claims where medical records are incomplete or missing

    • Help show the onset, continuity, and impact of a condition over time

    • Often be used to describe pain levels, daily limitations, mental health symptoms, or observable events like an in-service injury

    Note: Lay evidence cannot diagnose a condition, but it can credibly support the presence, frequency, and severity of symptoms.

    • A veteran describing how their back pain affects their ability to work

    • A spouse explaining changes in the veteran’s mood or behavior over time

    • A fellow service member recalling a combat-related incident or injury

    • A friend observing how a condition impacts the veteran’s day-to-day activities

    Note: These are just a few examples. Every case is different, and lay evidence should be detailed and truthful.

    • Use VA Form 21-10210 (Lay/Witness Statement)

    • Clearly explain what was witnessed, how the person knows the veteran, and why their input is credible

    • Be as detailed and specific as possible

    • Include as part of an initial claim, appeal, or supplemental claim

    • Submit with your claim or appeal via VA.gov, mail, or with help from a VA-accredited representative

  • At Greene & Marusak, we help veterans and their families make sure they have strong lay statements that clearly support claims. Whether you are filing for the first time or appealing a denial, we ensure your story is properly documented and heard by the VA.

    Give us a call at (844) 483-8737

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